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Businesspeople Reviewing Shareholder Agreement Document

What is a shareholder agreement?

A shareholder agreement is a private contract among a company’s shareholders (and often the company) that sets the rules for ownership, voting, and share transfers. It complements the company’s articles/bylaws by clarifying rights, obligations, and what happens during disputes or major events like funding rounds or exits. This article explains what a shareholder agreement includes, […]
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Corporate Veil Piercing Concept Illustration

What is piercing the corporate veil?

Piercing the corporate veil is when a court holds a company’s owners or shareholders personally liable for the company’s debts or misconduct, despite the usual liability shield. It’s typically considered in cases involving fraud, undercapitalization, commingling of funds, or failure to follow corporate formalities. This article explains what the doctrine means, the common legal factors […]
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Business Partners Shaking Hands in Agreement

What is the duty of loyalty?

The duty of loyalty is a fiduciary obligation requiring a trusted decision-maker to act 100% in the beneficiary’s best interests, not their own. It bars conflicts of interest, self-dealing, and taking secret profits from the relationship. This article explains who owes the duty, common violations, and potential legal remedies. Understanding the Duty of Loyalty The […]
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Caregiver Helping Elderly Person with Duty of Care

What is the duty of care?

Duty of care is a legal obligation to act with reasonable care to avoid foreseeable harm to others. Courts apply it by asking whether a reasonable person (or professional) would have taken safer steps in the same situation. This article explains the definition, who owes it, common examples, and how it affects negligence claims. Duty […]
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Business Professionals Shaking Hands in Agreement

What is fiduciary duty?

Fiduciary duty is a legal obligation requiring a fiduciary to act in the best interests of another person, meeting one of the highest standards of care under law. It applies where trust and confidence are placed in someone like a trustee, attorney, or financial advisor. This article explains fiduciary relationships, core duties, and what counts […]
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Board Members Meeting Around Conference Table

What is a board of directors?

A board of directors is an elected group—typically 3 to 15 members—that governs a corporation on behalf of shareholders. It hires and oversees top executives, sets strategic direction, and approves major decisions while meeting fiduciary duties. This article explains what boards do, how they’re structured, and why they matter. Understanding the Board of Directors A […]
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Corporate Bylaws Document with Pen and Glasses

What is corporate bylaws?

Corporate bylaws are a corporation’s written internal rules that govern management, meetings, voting, and decision-making. They outline how directors and officers act, how shareholders meet, and how key actions are approved. This article explains what bylaws cover, how they differ from articles of incorporation, and why they’re essential. Corporate bylaws are the internal rules that […]
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Business Professionals Reviewing Operating Agreement Document

What is an operating agreement?

An operating agreement is a legal contract that sets the rules for how an LLC is owned, managed, and operated. It defines member roles, voting and decision-making, profit and loss allocations, and procedures for major changes or disputes. This article explains what an operating agreement includes, why it matters, and when to create or update […]
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Legal Document with Corporate Seal and Pen

What is articles of incorporation?

Articles of incorporation are the state-filed formation documents that legally create a corporation as a separate entity. They typically list the corporate name, registered agent, share structure, and incorporator details. This article explains what they are, what they contain, and how filing works by state. Understanding Articles of Incorporation Articles of incorporation are the legal […]
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