A hung jury occurs when jurors can’t reach the required unanimous verdict in a criminal case, resulting in a mistrial. It typically happens after extended deliberations when the judge concludes further discussion won’t break the deadlock, allowing prosecutors to retry the case or dismiss it. This article explains how a hung jury is determined, what […]
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What is a mistrial?
A mistrial is when a judge ends a trial early without a verdict, usually because a serious legal error, juror problem, or prejudicial event makes a fair decision impossible. It can be declared on a party’s motion or by the court, often meaning the case may be retried. This article explains what triggers a mistrial, […]
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What is a search warrant?
A search warrant is a court order signed by a judge or magistrate authorizing police to search a specific place for specific evidence. It must be supported by probable cause and typically describes the location and items to be seized. This article explains what makes a warrant valid, how it’s executed, key exceptions, and your […]
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What is the exclusionary rule?
The exclusionary rule generally bars evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment from being used in a criminal prosecution. It’s designed to deter unlawful searches and seizures by law enforcement, though several exceptions can still allow the evidence in. This article explains what the exclusionary rule is, when it applies, key exceptions, and how […]
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What is battery?
Battery is typically an intentional, unconsented physical touching that is harmful or offensive, and it can be charged as a misdemeanor or felony depending on injury, weapon use, and state law. Unlike assault, battery usually requires actual contact, and penalties may include jail time, fines, probation, and protective orders. This article defines battery, breaks down […]
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What is habeas corpus?
Habeas corpus is a court petition that requires the government to justify a person’s detention and allows a judge to order release if the custody is unlawful. It acts as a key constitutional safeguard against being jailed without legal basis or due process. This article explains what habeas corpus means, when it’s used, and how […]
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What is mens rea?
Mens rea is the mental state prosecutors must prove—along with the actus reus—to establish most crimes. It covers intent levels like purpose, knowledge, recklessness, and negligence, which can raise or reduce charges. This article explains mens rea, common categories, and how it impacts criminal liability and defenses. When someone commits a crime, the physical act […]
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What is a plea bargain?
A plea bargain is an agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty or no contest—often to a reduced charge or with a recommended lighter sentence—in exchange for avoiding trial. Prosecutors use plea bargains to resolve cases efficiently, while defendants may accept them to limit risk and uncertainty at sentencing. This article explains how plea bargains […]
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What is double jeopardy?
Double jeopardy is the Fifth Amendment protection that generally bars a second prosecution or punishment for the same offense after an acquittal or conviction. It aims to stop the government from repeatedly trying someone until it wins, though separate sovereigns and certain mistrials can allow another case. This article explains when jeopardy attaches, what counts […]
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What is an arraignment?
An arraignment is a defendant’s first formal court appearance after arrest or a charging document is filed, where the judge reads the charges and the defendant enters a plea (guilty, not guilty, or no contest). It typically happens soon after arrest and may include bail decisions and key notice of rights. This article explains what […]
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What To Do If You’re Accused Of Burglary
If you’re accused of burglary, do not discuss the case and get a criminal defense lawyer immediately—burglary is commonly charged as a felony carrying potential prison time (often 1–10+ years). Early steps like preserving evidence and asserting your rights can affect bail, plea negotiations, and trial strategy. This article explains how burglary charges work, the […]
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California DUI Penalties: Understanding the Critical Differences Between First and Repeat Offenses
California DUI penalties escalate sharply for repeat offenses: a first DUI is typically a misdemeanor with up to 6 months in jail, while a second DUI can bring up to 1 year plus longer license suspensions and stricter requirements. Prior convictions within 10 years often trigger enhanced fines, mandatory DUI programs, and ignition interlock device […]
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